The disease of the 20th century as it is often called, cancer has not been given a viable solution or treatment not even now in the 21st century. As a result, it is highly essential that not only chemotherapy patients understand the risks and side results of treatments but also those who are healthy and may or may not come in contact with cancer patients. The most widely used treatment of cancer is chemotherapy either followed or preceded by surgery.

Chemotherapy patients usually must deal with overwhelming psychological and physical stress. One’s morale could easily break down because of the physical sufferance chemotherapy brings. The side results that one will experience may eat away at one’s self-esteem, because they may include alopecia, constant nausea and dizziness, pains and infections of all kinds depending on the part of the body that is affected or on the type of medication that has been prescribed to follow. Numerous chemotherapy patients guess that they lose the grip of who they are because they can no longer perform particular activities that have previously defined their life or that have brought smiles on their faces.

Another impact level on chemotherapy patients is the psychological obstacle. They should receive the moral needed support from their family and friends and the trouble is that numerous pick out not to share this burden with their loved ones. Because of this, they will most likely lack in support and will need to carry this burden by themselves. The impossibility to talk and share the experience with those close to you could lead to a very pessimistic view of the cancer circumstance, actually worsening the course of evolution.

Then Again, those chemotherapy patients that initially build rapport with friends and family and select to communicate about it and share the burden, may end up feeling guilty for spoiling family life and for being set on the top priority list, a list which is usually not taken a pleasure bringing one. Self-isolation will often be picked out as an alternative in such cases, but specialists suggest that it is wrong and detrimental to one’s well being to refuse support and face cancer alone.

All these considered, it is highly obvious that the friends and family members of chemotherapy patients must get informed about what their beloved ones are going through and about how help could be given in such positions. Sometimes even professional psychological help could work miracles for the recovery and the support of chemotherapy patients. It’s an alternative that should not be ignored or overlooked.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, condition, Health, illness, treatment

Hunting for Genetic Mutations and Cancer.The current paradigm in medical research holds that the cause of most cancers is a genetic mutation. For instance, according to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), an institute at the NIH, “all cancers are based on genetic mutations in body cells.”  In fact, mutation hunting is big business. Just look at the NIH budget allocated to discoveries of genetic mutations, the number of biotech companies chasing genetic mutations, the magnitude of the licensing agreements between biotech and pharmaceutical companies aimed to utilize newly discovered genetic mutations, and the number of stories in the media on genetic mutations and their so-called "link" to disease. However,  this huge effort and billions of dollars has produced few discoveries and little benefits to the public . The reason for this limited success is simple. The cause of cancer is not a genetic mutation. The story of the BRCA1 gene is a typical example of mutation hunting. The Mystery of BRCA1.Genes, in general, produce proteins, which are the building blocks of cells.

 The concentration of the protein is tightly regulated. A mutated gene produces an abnormal concentration of its protein, which may lead to disease. In 1994, Mark Skolnick, PhD, discovered the BRCA1 gene (BRCA1 is short for BReast CAncer 1). Following the discovery, scientists observed an abnormally low level of the BRCA1 protein in breast cancer tissues. The BRCA1 protein is a cell cycle suppressor, which means that the protein prevents cell replication. This observation created a lot of excitement. At the time, scientists believed that they were on the verge of finding the cause of breast cancer. The reasoning was that breast cancer patients must have a mutated BRCA1 gene, which would explain the decreased production of the protein, and the excessive replication of breast cancer cells in tumors. In the United States, 180,000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year. However, the BRCA1 gene is mutated in less than 5% of these cases. In more than 95% of breast cancer patients the gene is not mutated.So here is the mystery. If the gene is not mutated in the great majority of the breast cancer patients, why are the tumors showing low levels of the BRCA1 protein? Today, this is one of the biggest mysteries in cancer research.

The author is a  web designer who concentrates on search engine marketing and seo Auckland.

Technorati Tags: biology of cancer, biotech, breast cancer, cancer, cause of cancer, chronic disease, cure for cancer, drugs, Lung Cancer, medical discovery, melanoma, NIH, remission, treatment, tumor

Chemotherapy protocol is a concept familiar to cancer patients, but it remains totally unknown to people who do not have any direct or indirect contact with the disease. The chemotherapy protocol consists of all the procedures and medicine specificity, the expected results, the potential threats and the side effects related to the medication. This protocol is to be used as a sort of guide or reference throughout the prescribed treatment.

To get down to more details, the chemotherapy protocol involves all the case circumstances, meaning that it should specify the pathology type that the treatment has been prescribed for (the location of cancer, the cancer stage, and so on). It should also include indications and contraindications, it should refer to all the situations that allow or forbid its applications and it ought to refer to specialized literature for whatever sort of clarifications may be needed throughout the treatment.

Another important part of the chemotherapy protocol is to include information and clear description of the drugs that the patient will take. Drug information will have to refer here to the dosage which is usually established depending on the patient’s body weight, surface, the appropriate concentration to be found in the blood, and so on. Other details in the chemotherapy protocol include info on cyclical administration and the time interval between doses.

Moreover, the chemotherapy protocol should specify how the drug is to be administered, that is, the route of administration, as doctors refer to it (oral, intravenous, abdominal, etc). Under certain circumstances adjuvant treatment may be required which represents another piece of information that has to be specified in the chemotherapy protocol together with possible precautions and measures.

Finally, the chemotherapy protocol needs to tackle with the cycles of the treatment. Such details cover the intervals that separate different cures as well as the concentration variation in the medication. The protocol should further determine how many cycles are necessary, whether the toxicity of the drugs represents a health risk, the level of recovery after every cycle of the treatment and so on.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment

What is pericardial mesothelioma? Pericardial Mesothelioma is a rare form of mesothelioma cancer that accounts for approximately 5% of all mesothelioma cases.  Cancerous cells build up on the lining of the heart. What is the cause of pericardial mesothelioma? Asbestos is the main cause of pericardial mesothelioma.  When exposed to asbestos without sufficient protection, dust and fibres from the asbestos are inhaled and become lodged in the lungs.  From here they can either pass into the lymphatic system and get transported to the lining of the heart or the fibres can just pass through to the heart over time. Who is at risk from pericardial mesothelioma? Those who have worked with asbestos constantly for a period of time without sufficient protection are those at risk.  These people include construction workers and those who work in asbestos manufacturing plants.  Individuals in contact with those in contact with asbestos are also at risk because asbestos fibres can cling to clothes and hair. How much exposure to asbestos does it take to have a possibility of getting pericardial mesothelioma? This varies depending on the concentration of the asbestos dust and fibres in the area but it has been recorded that those who have only been exposed for a couple of months have a chance of obtaining pericardial mesothelioma.

What are the symptoms of pericardial mesothelioma? Common symptoms of pericardial mesothelioma are persistent coughing, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, chest pain and palpitations.  Other symptoms that patients may experience are weight loss, nausea and loss of appetite. What is the latency period of pericardial mesothelioma? All forms of mesothelioma have an extraordinarily long latency period (amount of time symptoms take to show up after having disease).  The latency period is between 30 ?50 years and so pericardial mesothelioma is usually discovered in elderly men who have had pericardial mesothelioma for most of their life but have never known it. What is the prognosis for pericardial mesothelioma? This is highly dependent on how early and how aggressively the cancerous cells are treated.  If the cancer is treated when it has fully developed and matured then the chances of a patient’s survival is very small.  The prognosis could be only a couple of months.

The author is a contact lenses seller and works on plastic surgery. He is running a website–http://dentistauckland.co.nz/

Technorati Tags: asbestos, cancer, malignant, mesothelioma, pericardial, peritoneal, pleural, symptoms, treatment

What is oral chemotherapy? The term refers to the way of administering chemotherapy, namely taking chemo drugs by mouth. Chemotherapy is medicine used in treating cancer and the ways to apply it are multiple. Nowadays, oral chemotherapy is not the only option cancer patients have, as science has come up with other ways of medicine administration adequate for a patient’s condition.

Thus any drug that can be taken by mouth to treat cancer belongs to oral chemotherapy. The health impact of pills remains identical to that of intravenous medication for instance, with the specification that they are more likely to trigger adverse reactions because of the impact on the digestive tract.

Some chemotherapy drugs can never be taken orally as they cannot be absorbed in the stomach or they can cause harm if swollen. So as to avoid side effects, many anti-cancer drugs are administered intravenously through a line. In the case of oral chemotherapy, the treatment is more facile as the patient can do it at home, without being forced to go to hospital every time it is applied.

A good way to organize oral chemotherapy is in cycles of administration. Thus, risk of damaging normal healthy cells gets lower and the drugs only target the cancerous formations. Obviously, it is for the doctor to establish the periodicity of the treatment whether daily, weekly or monthly. Anyway, the anti-cancer treatment scheme proposed by the specialist ought to be discussed with the patient so that she/he may know what lies ahead in terms of challenges, difficulties and success rate.

Only when one informed and convinced of the efficiency of the treatment, can one decide to begin it. Even if oral chemotherapy drugs have a lower intensity in terms of adverse reactions and impact on the stomach, side effect do exist.

The list of oral chemotherapy adverse reactions is very long and it generally includes fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anemia, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea and constipation, increased susceptibility to infections, kidney malfunctions, hair loss and various other sores and pains. For any of these side effects it is advisable that patients address their doctors for advice and help.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment

Breast chemotherapy is the cancer treatment used when the disease has attacked the mammary glands. The treatment aims at reducing the tumor size and at killing the cells with a rapid multiplication rate. Various kinds of breast chemotherapy can be identified depending on the drug combination chosen by the doctor. Correct information on the way the medication works as well as an analysis of the side effects and the optimistic evaluation factors ought to be part of the discussion between doctor and patient that precedes the treatment as such.

Breast chemotherapy is administered either orally or intravenously and it is usually given in cycles. The drug reaches in the blood and then travels through the entire body to locate and attack the sick cells meant to be destroyed. The targeted elements of breast chemotherapy are the cancer cells in the mammary glands, but there will be collateral damage to. From this perspective doctors call breast chemotherapy a systemic form of treatment precisely because it may act all throughout the patient’s organism.

Breast chemotherapy may be recommended after mastectomy or lumpectomy and in this case it is known as adjuvant treatment. The patients undergo this type of treatment only when doctors are certain from analyses that cancer has not yet spread to any other parts of the body but the breast.

Another case when breast chemotherapy represents a necessity is when cancer has spread to other parts of the body starting from the lymph nodes. This particular spread bears the name of metastatic breast cancer and women rarely have this form at the time of the diagnosis.

Is the breast chemotherapy treatment effective or not? Can one tell without a doctor’s opinion? The efficiency of the treatment is not related to side effects: these adverse reactions appear whether the procedure works or not. Such an investigation approach is totally incorrect. Adjuvant breast chemotherapy may have no side effects but the efficiency rate is often very positive in the sense that the spreading of the malevolent cells is stopped.

All in all, breast chemotherapy makes no easy treatment. It is probably the devastating treatment and the mutilation brought by breast cancer in itself that has increased awareness among women, making disease detection a lot easier and in the early stages of development.

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Technorati Tags: breast_cancer, cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, treatment

Do you realize how painful it is to watch someone dear to you ravished by the fight with cancer? And it all has to do with the perception we have of cancer and with the very intense chemotherapy medication administered to patients diagnosed with this malignant disease. All sorts of remedies and therapeutic approaches have been developed, but in general lines, it is all reduced to types of chemotherapy.

Challenges are present within any solution meant to treat cancer. When choosing one from the several types of chemotherapy, the doctor takes into account the location of the tumor, its size, the stage of the disease and the health condition of the patient.

The list with the types of chemotherapy drugs is pretty long and it might turn out a bit confusing for those that have never come into contact with chemo until now. It includes alkylating agents chemotherapy, alkaloid-based treatment, anti-tumor antibiotics, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, antineoplastics and so on. Each of the categories mentioned above may count tens of types of medication out of which the doctor should select the appropriate ones.

From the many types of chemotherapy treatments the doctors determine the suitable one starting from a disease protocol specific to every patient in particular that mentions his/her reaction to the treatment. These response rates are established based on research that has been done so far analyzing the treatments that have been applied and their results. Statistically speaking if the response rate of a group of patients is 70% during the treatment for a certain drug, it means that only seventy subjects have registered positive results under the action of a particular medication.

The response rate may have been minimum or non-existent in the remaining thirty patients. Other types of chemotherapy will be administered immediately if an individual fails to respond to one of them.

To sum it up, the choice and application of types of chemotherapy are tricky. Doctors should constantly test and monitor their patients in order to make the most advantageous of decisions at crucial moments in the evolution of the disease. This line of work requires a great deal of responsibility and carries lots of emotional burdens because someone’s life may depend only on the doctor’s decision.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment

Melanoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin and is recognized by the dark spots that appear on the dermis. In order to treat melanoma, diagnostic tests must first be completed and then the cancer team will be able to recommend one or maybe more treatment options. Melanoma chemotherapy represents a first option to fight skin cancer. Anyway, patients should analyze all treatment variants extensively by learning all the can on the implications. First of all, patients ought  to understand everything about the treatments. The procedure will normally be established depending on the disease evolution and the thickness of the primary tumor.

Surgery and melanoma chemotherapy represent the main alternatives here. There are different choices in as far as surgery is concerned, depending on where and how advanced the melanoma is. Thus there are lymph node dissection, re-excision and amputation to decide on. Unfortunately, if besides melanoma, the cancer has spread to organs as well, surgery will not be the solution. Therefore, melanoma chemotherapy could represent the most viable of possibilities. Systemic chemotherapy that the procedure involves uses injectable anticancer drugs.

Drugs are either administered intravenously or orally. Melanoma chemotherapy drugs travel through the bloodstream to all parts of the body. The direct impact of the active substances will be on the cancer cells affecting skin, organs and lymph nodes. The same medication that kills the tumor will also damage some healthy tissues too. Among these normal cells that can be killed are blood-producing cells of the bone marrow, cells that line the gastrointestinal tract and cells of hair follicles. As a result, patients will go through temporary side effects like nausea and vomiting, mouth sores, loss of appetite and loss of hair.

Melanoma chemotherapy drugs include temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, DTIC, BCNU and tamoxifen. DTIC can be used alone or with other chemotherapy drugs like BCNU and cisplatin. DTIC, BCNU and cisplatin combined with tamoxifen, which is a hormonal medication commonly used in treating breast cancer, are known as the Dartmouth Regimen. Then melanoma is also treated by a combination of vinblastine, cisplastin and DTIC. Temozolomide is a newer medicine, whose mode of function is similar to that of DTIC, except that it is used in the form of a pill.

Since melanoma chemotherapy drugs have a damaging impact on normal blood cells as well, patients might experience low blood cell counts and this can reduce the blood clotting speed for instance, fatigue (experienced because of the anemia and the medical treatment in itself) and an increased chance of infection (because the number of blood cells drops too).

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment

Chemotherapy as the drug-based cancer treatment involves the elimination of the disease by stopping cancer cells from division. This treatment works by attacking and killing cells which divide very quickly as cancer cells do. Unfortunately, chemotherapy damages cells that have a rapid division process normally encountered with many body functions; this is the case with the cells in the digestive tract, hair follicles and bone marrow.

Hence, the chemotherapy effects usually damage these areas. The most common adverse reactions that occur during and after chemotherapy include myelosuppresion – decrease in the production of blood cells, mucositis – inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract, and alopecia – hair loss.

Chemotherapy effects or side effects can be divided into two major groups as short and long term. Negative reactions to the treatment are normal, given the fact that  powerful chemicals do disturb the functions of the system. It is not difficult to confuse drug side effects with cancer symptoms.

Symptoms characterize the disease in fact, while the side effects consist of natural adverse reactions to a chemical invasion in the body. Side effects vary depending on the type of drugs used in the treatment, with the mention that one single form of medication will not trigger all the possible adverse reactions in a patient.

In more general terms, chemotherapy affects those cells with a faster division. Chemotherapy will thus affect the bone marrow responsible for blood cells production, the mouth, the intestines, the skin and the hair. If the skin renews itself constantly, the hair grows permanently and the lining of the mouth and digestive system have the same dynamics, then, the cells of all these body tissues must constantly divide to produce a steady supply of new cells. And, unfortunately, it is due to this division process that the chemotherapy drugs attack proper functioning body parts.

It is known that most drugs used in chemotherapy have side effects, yet, not all the patients get the same chemotherapy effects. The way one goes through chemotherapy therefore differs immensely, depending on some factors specific to every case. These elements refer to the period of drug administration, the dose or amount of drug, the administration mode, the patient’s overall health condition, as well as the combination of the chemotherapy drug with other medicines.

Some chemotherapy effects are serious medical conditions which require professional help; others, although bothersome, are not necessarily a major threat to the patient’s health. It is also relevant to discuss the effects of chemotherapy with the doctor and the contact person at the treating center where the patient is given the treatment.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment

Cancer is the twentieth century greatest enemy of all besides AIDS. Lots of people have become direct or indirect victims to this illness, either by suffering from the condition or by having someone dear to them devastated by tumor development. Knowing what cancer patients go through during chemotherapy is very difficult but informative materials may get you a bit closer to supporting someone in sufferance. To begin with, chemotherapy side effects make aspects that patients deal with and find very difficult to handle.

Chemotherapy side effects are very numerous and vary in strength depending on the dosage of drugs and the length of the treatment. Most chemotherapy side effects are short term ones as they decrease in intensity and eventually stop after a certain period of time. Very rarely, there are encountered some effects that are long term or that may appear only years after following a certain treatment.

If you were interested in finding out more about the chemotherapy side effects of various treatments or combinations of drugs, you should know that there are a great deal of sources providing you with relevant information helpful in alleviating and understanding the pain the patient goes through. The list with potential chemotherapy side effects is about 200 items long and it includes such effects as abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, chills, cardio-toxicity, edema, eye problems, lack of appetite, weight gain or loss, memory loss, leukemia, infections of various types in various parts of the body, nose bleeds, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, rapid heartbeat, water retention, and so on.

Going through such a list will surely turn out quite discouraging but you ought to know that these chemotherapy side effects will not appear all at once and in the same patient. They are each specific to a certain type of cancer and are definitely related to the type of drug or combination of drugs that the doctor has recommended as treatment.

Normally, patients should be informed by their doctors on the possible chemotherapy side effects and their persistence at the end of the treatment. Explaining what the patient will go through constitutes an essential preparatory stage as this will avoid having the patient panic about something that is usually associated with certain drugs. Most often, doctors consult their patients about the treatment they are to prescribe and may give patients options between treatments presenting the specific chemotherapy side effects and balancing them altogether.

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Technorati Tags: cancer, Chemotherapy, Health, therapy, treatment